Haxby Catalog of the Canadian 1859 Large Cent
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1:
INTRODUCTION
Dies and their Arrangement in the Coining Press
Die Usage Practices
Number of Dies Used
SECTION 2:
DIE PRODUCTION AT THE ROYAL MINT IN THE LATE 1850s
The Matrix, Punch, Die System

Loss of Detail From the Obverse and Reverse Punches During Use
The Provincial Leaf Numbering System
SECTION 3:
PUNCH PROBLEMS
Staging the Reverse Punch
Deterioration of the Obverse Punch
SECTION 4:
DIE FINISHING AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR DIE VARIETIES
Repairing Letters and Numerals
SECTION 5:
REPAIRING MAPLE WREATH DEFECTS ON THE REVERSE
Tools
The Repair of Stem 9
SECTION 6:
REPAIRING LOOP 7, STEMS 8 & 10, AND LOOP 2
The Repair of Loop 7 and Stem 8
The Repair of Stem 10
The Repair of Loop 2
SECTION: 7
SURFACE MARKS MADE DURING DIE DRESSING
File Marks
Gouges and Scratches
Overpolishing
DIE FEATURES THAT APPEARED DURING STORAGE & USE - Part 1
Rust Marks 
Die Cracks
SECTION: 8
DIE FEATURES THAT APPEARED DURING STORAGE & USE - Part 2
Die Cuds
Die Clashes
Die Collapses and Other Surface Distortions
Die Wear
Planchet Lamination and Cracks
Die Clogs
SECTION: 9
ORGANIZING THE 1859 NARROW 9 DIE VARIETIES
The Obverse Varieties
The Reverse Varieties
Characteristics and Die Population of 1859 N9 Business Strike Reverse Die Groups 
The Genesis of the 1859 Narrow 9 Reverse Groups

Section
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